face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?ъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401)
face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ССЯ)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-.
face="Times New Roman Star"not (prohibitive particle)
face="Times New Roman Star"не (запретительная частица)
face="Times New Roman Star"an
face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 26-27, Федотов 1, 43-45. An isolated Chuv. form, but probably archaic (cf. the external evidence). Cf. also Karakh. (MK Oghuz) an| 'an exclamation meaning "no"' (see EDT 165) - but it is a hapax, occurs only within a reduplication an|an|, does not regularly correspond to Chuv. an and may be just onomatopoeic.
face="Times New Roman Star"buc?uq (Sangl., MKypch. - AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 85, EDT 294, ЭСТЯ 2, 283-284. Usually regarded as derived from *byc?- 'to cut', which is dubious in the light of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 834. Clauson considers the Arabic translation s?u:ni:z to be a loan from Persian; the Persian form gas?ni:z (> modern East Iranian languages, see Стеблин-Каменский 1982, 75), on the origin of which see Henning 1963, 195-199, of course cannot be the source of Turkic forms.
face="Times New Roman Star"It is not quite clear whether the Oghuz name for 'reed' (Tur. saz, Turkm., Gag. sa:z, see Лексика 135, ЭСТЯ 7) and 'swamp' as 'reed growth' (Tur. sazlyk, Turkm. sa:zlyq) belongs here, too, or else reflect a different root. In the former case one should prefer the reconstruction *sia:r/. See VEWT 406, TMN 3, 222, Лексика 93, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 462. Bulg. > Hung. sa/r 'dirt', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 487-488.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to speak 2 talk, conversation
face="Times New Roman Star"1 говорить 2 речь, слово
face="Times New Roman Star"kele-c?u" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kelez?|i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?i 2 (Houts.), kelec?e 2 (MA)
face="Times New Roman Star"kala- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?-so"z 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. ka"lma" 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 old man or woman 2 mother 3 grandmother 4 sister (of woman) 5 mother (if the grandmother is still alive) 5 mother (addr. to an elder woman) 6 aunt, sister of father 7 elder brother 8 uncle 9 ancestor 10 Father! (to the God) 11 old man, elder man 12 husband 13 younger brother of father's father 14 grandfather 15 father
face="Times New Roman Star"1 старый мужчина или женщина 2 мать 3 бабушка 4 сестра (женщины) 5 мать (при живой бабушке) 5 мать (обр. к пожилой женщине) 6 тетя, сестра отца 7 старший брат 8 дядя 9 предок 10 Отче! (обр. к Богу) 11 старик, пожилой человек 12 муж 13 младший брат деда 14 дед 15 отец
face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 7, 8 (Orkh.), ec?u" 9 (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 1 (MK), ec?u" 10 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|u (dial.), ez?|e 11
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a, az?|i, e|z?|i 5 (dial., ТТДС 22, 551), azyj, e|zi 11, 15 (dial., ТТДС 23, 540)
face="Times New Roman Star"o|c?a, ac?a 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 6
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y 4, ac?a 12, 15
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a 7, 8
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 7, 8
face="Times New Roman Star"Leb. az?|y, az?|a 7, ac?a 13
face="Times New Roman Star"az/a 15
face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14
face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 15
face="Times New Roman Star"as?'a, az?|a 7, 15
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?aj 5, az?|a 11
face="Times New Roman Star"a"sa" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|aj 5, ec?iw 6
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 35, ЭСТЯ 1, 231-235, TMN 2, 15, Егоров 35, Лексика 299, Clark 1977, 128, Stachowski 43. Shortness is suggested by pharyngealization in Tofalar, so the variants with -z?|- are probably due to expressive gemination (*ac?c?V / *ec?c?V).
face="Times New Roman Star"xor 'insult, offence, grief'
face="Times New Roman Star"qor 2, qoron- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qoro- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641-642, 645-646, ЭСТЯ 6, 73-74, Федотов 2, 369. On a possible Mong. loanword (qowr 'loss, damage') see under *ka\bro; modern Siberian nouns may be actually backloans from Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 970, VEWT 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 147-148, Егоров 343, Лексика 80, Stachowski 97. Ra"sa"nen derives the stem from *jar- 'to shine, glitter', but this is dubious both for phonetic reasons (OT has jaru- 'to shine', but jaryn 'morning') and because of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 288-289, 303, Федотов 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ЭСТЯ 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HYere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912.
